The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contributes to climate change. The use of electric vehicles is expected to contribute to greater emissions reductions in future decades than it does today because the electric power sector is projected to continue to become progressively less carbon intensive. Sales of electric vehicles, which accounted for 4 percent of the market in 2021, are expected to grow substantially. CBO projects CO 2 emissions in the transportation sector to decrease by 9 percent from 2021 to 2032 as the vehicle fleet becomes increasingly efficient to comply with more stringent fuel economy standards. Tighter standards for fuel economy and emissions, along with greater use of electric vehicles, are projected to reduce emissions moderately over the next decade.The use of motor vehicles has expanded with economic growth, but the average fuel economy of new light-duty vehicles (cars and light-duty trucks, including sport utility vehicles, crossover utility vehicles, minivans, and pickup trucks) rose from 20 miles per gallon in 2005 to 25 miles per gallon in 2021. CO 2 emissions have declined since 2005-despite an increase in travel by car and truck-because vehicles have become more efficient. Personal vehicles and commercial trucks (the predominant forms of passenger and freight transportation) averaged more CO 2 emissions per passenger-mile or ton-mile than most other modes of transportation. Motor vehicles accounted for 83 percent of CO 2 emissions from transportation in 2019. Most emissions in the transportation sector come from cars and trucks.Demand for transportation is much less sensitive to price changes than is demand for electric power, and people have had few cost-effective alternatives to motor fuels. Reducing emissions from transportation has been difficult because of the value that people place on transportation and the dominance of a single fuel source- petroleum.The decline in emissions from transportation has contributed to a drop of about 20 percent in total CO 2 emissions in the United States since 2005 most of that overall reduction has come from the electric power sector. In 2021, CO 2 emissions in the transportation sector were 6 percent less than they were in 2005.In this report, the Congressional Budget Office provides an overview of CO 2 emissions in the transportation sector, describing the sources of and trends in such emissions and projecting their future path. Emissions from transportation surpassed emissions from the electric power sector five years ago and now constitute two-fifths of domestic emissions from burning fossil fuels. emissions, causing them to plummet to almost 300 million metric tons in 2020.The largest source of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2, the most common greenhouse gas) in the United States is the transportation sector. Much like the rest of the world, COVID-19 impacted U.S. Although emissions began to decline in the following years, they increased again to reach 1.9 billion metric tons in 2019. transportation sector CO2 emissions increased 56 percent to over two billion metric tons. The United States is by far the largest producer of transportation emissions worldwide. Where are transportation emissions highest? Although this was half the emissions of passenger cars, there are considerably fewer trucks on the road, which shows just how polluting global road freight is. Medium and heavy trucks are the second- largest polluters, accounting for nearly a quarter of transportation emissions. Car emissions fell in 2020, but this was only due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent decades, global CO2 emissions from passenger cars have increased and peaked at 3.2 billion metric tons in 2019. Passenger cars were the biggest source of emissions that year, accounting for approximately 39 percent of global transportation emissions. The global transportation sector is a major polluter and in 2021 produced more than seven billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (GtCO2).
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